Grammar for Cambridge C1/C2 Speaking

Using advanced grammar structures in speaking

As you embark on the journey to pass your Cambridge C1 or C2 exams, clearly, a multifaceted approach is essential. While fluency and a wide range of vocabulary are crucial, one often-undervalued element can significantly boost your performance: advanced grammar structures.

These structures are not just for show! They demonstrate your mastery of the language and enable you to express complex ideas not only with precision but also with sophistication.

Yes, sophistication will bring you valuable points in the exam!

This week with one of my C1 groups we talked about environmental issues, which is one of the most common topics of the Cambridge exams. Let’s pick some example sentences related to environmental issues and sustainability.

Imagine yourself engaged in discussions regarding a topic of any global significance, such as climate change. Basic grammar allows you to articulate and argue for your position, but advanced structures add layers of depth and nuance.

Understanding the Impact

Conditionals

You could use conditionals to introduce hypothetical solutions:

• "If every nation implemented stricter environmental regulations, we could potentially mitigate the effects of climate change."

• "If we invest heavily in renewable energy, we can achieve energy independence in the coming decades."

Exploring potential consequences of inaction?

Mixed conditionals can be a perfect choice:

"We wouldn't be facing this climate crisis if we had invested in renewable energy sources decades ago."

Beyond the Basics

These are all wonderful sentences so far, but….. do you know that you are still using B2 grammar…?

How about using inverted conditionals instead?

You can show off your advanced grammar and add a touch of formality at the same time with INVERTED CONDITIONALS:

• "Were stricter environmental regulations implemented worldwide, we could potentially mitigate the effects of climate change."

• "Should we invest heavily in renewable energy sources, we can achieve energy independence in the coming decades."

• "Had we invested in renewable energy sources decades ago, we wouldn't be facing this climate crisis today."

Inversions are not mere extras, but they allow you to express complex ideas with a touch of formality and elegance.

Use this sentence instead of simple conditionals:

"Should stricter environmental regulations be implemented worldwide, we could potentially mitigate the effects of climate change."

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The Power of Nuances

Who said that?

Mastering reported speech is also a valuable tool for advanced language learners.

When navigating contrasting viewpoints on subjects like AI or technology, you could introduce opposing arguments by stating:

"Some experts claim that artificial intelligence poses a threat to humanity, while others believe it fosters innovation and sustainability."

Complex sentence structures demonstrate your ability to navigate complex topics with clarity and a well-rounded understanding.

And they are a must in C1 and C2 exams!

Strategic Passivity

Passive voice, when used strategically, adds a layer of variety and emphasis:

"A groundbreaking discovery in renewable energy was recently announced by international researchers."

Expressing Wishes and Non-Factual Statements

Subjunctive mood allows you to express wishes and ideas that are non-factual.

When discussing the challenges faced by developing nations, you could say:

"It is crucial that developed countries provide more aid, so that developing nations can improve their infrastructure."

Here, the focus is on the importance (it is crucial) and the goal (so that).

Exploring Possibilities

Discussing future possibilities with a touch of formality is another advantage of the subjunctive mood. Consider a scenario where you're exploring potential solutions to pollution.

You could propose:

"By implementing stricter regulations on industrial waste disposal, we might see a significant decrease in environmental damage."

While fluency and vocabulary form the foundation, advanced grammar structures are the tools that allow you to construct a compelling and sophisticated proof of communication. By incorporating these elements into your speaking practice, you'll equip yourself to confidently navigate the C1/C2 Speaking exam and impress the examiners with your mastery of the English language.

Don’t forget: try to use complex and compound sentences to showcase your advanced knowledge.

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